Cyber bullying can be done with the use of technology to threaten and embarrass people and is usually seen among the young people. If an adult gets involved in a situation of this sort the case might take shape of cyber harassment. The consequences of such acts can be grave and every person should be aware of them before committing any cybercrime.  A paper on cyber bullying is incomplete without the effects it can generate on the minds and lives of the victims.

Cyber bullying can be easy to comprehend and you will come across them by browsing the Internet at different forums. There are many kinds of cyber bullying owing the social media boon that is happening across the globe. However there exist only certain categories of cyber bullying; therefore, if you have been threatened by a person, you must be aware of the category in which it falls.

People can be harsh and at times even worse and there are several incidents of cyber bullying which have made various social networking websites change their rules to stop such acts. Many companies have taken multiple preventive measures to fight against such cyber bullying acts.  The worst acts include impersonating a person, putting photos and information online without the owner’s consent. Fake profiles and accounts are created to harass people with the core intention to bully others. And such acts of cyber bullying can lead to diverse outcomes, sometimes affecting the victims for the remainder of their lives.

Distribution of cyber bullying venues used by young people in the US, according to the Centers for Disease Control

Cyber bullying can also occur by coincidence, as one can never judge the tone of a person through text messages, IM’s or emails. Often a misconstrued message can lead to a situation where one feels under attack and misinterprets it as cyber bullying. Therefore, it is hard to know if the other person wants to harass or threaten the other person or is just trying to engage in a light-hearted conversation. A comment passed in mere good-faith can possibly hurt the other person therefore; such repeated acts can identify the nature of tone or the intention behind these messages. It is very important to identify people who commit such acts on a regular basis as they can spread violent attitude to lessen the visitors at any particular forum.

The main purpose of cyber bullies is to harass others and create a large number of victims. Sending inappropriate emails and messages or spreading inaccurate rumors all falls under cyber bullying and such acts are the most common ones as well. Research has shown that boys are more actively involved in initiating such mean activities in comparison to girls. Young men are also engaged in constructing sexual threats and attacking girls via social media, mobile phones and email.

It is therefore advised that once is very careful while browsing the Internet. Moreover, many social networking websites have made it very easy to report such an abuse and you can easily report suspicious behavior. Increased security options are an effort to reduce the level of cyber bullying and make the environment more interactive for teenagers and children who access such and other forums.

Cyber bullying can only be eliminated with the efforts of websites owners who are aware of the security options well and utilize them to block such comments and activities. For emails and messages the person who sends such messages can be blocked. There should be a strict penalty imposed for people who are involved in harassing and threatening others intentionally. We cannot even begin to imagine the effects, cyber bullying leads to. Many a times the victims withdraw themselves completely from their social lives. They feel insecure in their everyday live and in a few cases it even leads to attempts at suicide. Cyber bullying is a social evil and it is our responsibility to teach our children against this heinous act.

Majority of historians commonly concur that the “French Revolution” was a turning point event that transformed the entire European continent irreversibly. Although, the causes of the “French Revolution” are hard to identify, however the significant ones are rooted on the past data that exists, a reasonably forceful case could be made concerning any number of elements.

Depiction of the storming of the Bastille, Paris – the event that triggered the French Revolution

The Storming of the Bastille in July 1789 is widely regarded as the most iconic event of the Revolution.

Generally speaking, the majority of major wars that took place in the 40th years bringing about the Revolution, and France took part, to some level, in the majority of them. The “Seven Years’ War” in Europe and the “American Revolution” all over the ocean had profound effects on the French and showed the Western world an unpredictable future that the French could not deny. Besides, inciting the French public, the time of war background deeply impacted the French Government. In addition, the cost of undertaking the war, supporting the allies, and the maintenance of the French troops rapidly exhausted the French banks because of the royal lavishness. Lastly, according to secularized Enlightenment idea of King Louis XVI who had assumed absolute powers in his hand was responsible to the culmination of the catastrophe.

Finally, there were various troubles in the late-1700s. In fact, the authoritarian French class system had long put the clergy and aristocracy far more prominent than the common citizens. In addition, a number of far surpassed the nobles in terms of prosperity and standing.

English cartoon attacking the excesses of the Revolution as symbolized by the guillotine; between 18,000 and 40,000 people were executed during the Reign of Terror.

Furthermore, the exclusive titles—most of which had been bought and passed down using the families—essentially placed their holders above the law and except of them from various taxes. In 1789, when France’s ancient legislative body was reconvened, it became clear that the aristocracy refused to give up their special privileges for the sake of the country. Hence, “The French Revolution” became a battle to realize equality and eliminate subjugation. In fact, that was far more deep-rooted and widespread than the direct economic commotion France experienced at that time.

Apparently, the instant results of the “French Revolution” were unimportant, for the next leader following the Revolution was Napoleon Bonaparte, who enforced a dictatorship and negated the supreme democracy of the Revolution. However, the French Revolution was able to win many other victories, both substantial and insubstantial. Consequently, no French leader following the French Revolution challenged the property and rights possession realized in the French Revolution; hence the people who bought church land were permitted to keep it.  As well, the new tax system of France remained free of the influence of privilege, in a way that all people paid his share in proportion to individual wealth. Besides, the collapse of church and feudal bond gave freedom to the people from tithes and other gained fees. It however, does not imply that everything was well. The French industry endeavored for years following the Revolution to salvage a grip in such a severely diverse situation. In general, however, the French people had noted the effects they could have against their government, and that liberating, inspiring spirit was unlikely ever again to be covered up.

Depiction of the storming of the Tuileries Palace on 10 august 1792

The French Revolutionary Army defeated the combined armies of Austrians, Dutch and British at Fleurus in June 1794.

On the other hand, other European regimes and leaders were not too pleased with the French following the Revolution. The governments knew that their own people had seen the power that the French public held, and consequently, the governments were never again capable to feel safe in their rule after 1799. Besides, there had been other domestic revolutions in European countries, few were as enormous and complicated as the French Revolution, which empowered citizens everywhere and resulted in a considerable leap toward the end of oppression throughout Europe.

Agatha Christie also known as Dame Agatha Mary Clarissa Christie, DBE is rightly called the Queen of Crime. She is history’s acclaimed crime fiction writer and is responsible for the ‘Golden Age of Detective Fiction’. Born on September 15, 1890 in Torquay, England, Christie’s father was Fredrick Miller and her mother, Clarissa ‘Clara’ Miller, belonging to an upper-middle-class family with much wealth to her possession. Agatha had two siblings, an older brother Monty and an older sister Margret. Agatha did not receive formal education and taught herself to read at the tender age of 5 while the rest of education followed with the help of her governesses, tutors, and French finishing schools. From a very young age, Agatha exhibited creativity, love for singing and writing.  Her love of writing and traveling grew as she did and she then went onto writing a range of short stories, plays and novels. She was also the face behind her pen name Mary Westmacott which she used to write 6 romances. At the end of the day however, she is best known for her 66 detective novels and 14 short story collections, whereby she used her real name for the publications.

When she left her home to study piano and singing in Paris, she truly fell in love. In Paris she met, Colonel Archibald Christie, a member of the Flying Corps and soon they got married in the year 1914. Sadly her marriage only lasted for a little over a decade as she got divorced in the year 1928. She also served as a nurse during WWI. She volunteered in a Red Cross Hospital and then later on was transferred to a local dispensary. It was during this time that whenever she found time for herself she began working on a detective novel which was in fact in response to challenge laid down by her older sister, Margret. 

She is called the ‘Queen of Crime’ and this title is upheld by her legendary character like Hercule Poirot and Jane Marple. Her other famous characters includes Parker Pyne, Harley Quin/Mr Satterthwaite and Tommy and Tuppence Beresford. To date she holds the record for writing down the world’s longest-running play which of course is a murder mystery called ‘The Mousetrap’. In the year 1971, she received her title of ‘Dame’ owing to her irreplaceable contribution to the world of literature. As with all great writers, publishers did not come easy to her but her luck was soon about to change when The Bodley Head Press decided to publish her manuscript in the year 1920. The novel was called ‘The Mysterious Affair at Styles’. This was not only the beginning of her successful career but also served as the first appearance of Hercule Poirot who is now remembered as one of the most influential characters in detective fiction.

Dustjacket illustration of the first edition in both the UK and the US

It will be very wise to say that 1920s and 1930s were her golden times during her most notable works got published like The Murder at the Vicarage (1930), Murder on the Orient Express (1934), The A.B.C. Murders (1936), and Death on the Nile (1937). In the year 1929, she travelled to the Middle East via the Orient Express and this is where she met an archaeologist Max Mallowan and fell in love they married the next year in 1930.

Dust-jacket illustration of the first UK edition

According to the Guinness Book of World Records, Agatha Christie is considered to be the best-selling novelist of all time. It is estimated that her books have sold around 2 billion copies and is also considered to be third in terms of publishing just behind Shakespeare and the Bible.  According to Index Translationum her works have been translated into over 103 languages and continue to be in demand till date.

Her achievements do not end here, her murder mystery ‘And Then There Were None’ is considered to be the best-selling mystery in the world with over 100 million copies sold, it is perhaps the best-selling novel of all times.

The cover of the first edition of And Then There Were None (originally Ten Little Indians).

In the year 1955, Agatha Christie was rewarded with the very first Grand Master Award which is to date the highest honor from the ‘Mystery Writers of America’. Recently in 2013, her novel titled ‘The Murder of Roger Ackroyd’ was voted to be the best crime novel by the ‘Crime Writers’ Association’ which was decided by 600 fellow writers.

Agatha Christie’s works have been adapted worldwide for movies, TV series, graphic novels and even video games. Her novels have been adapted for the big screen for more than 30 movies. Sadly on January 12, 1976 this legendary writer departed from the world and left behind a legacy of literature.